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SCANNING THE WEEK'S NEWS
of Main Street and the World
MacArhur Given Hero's Welcome;
Divided Nation Questions Issues
t
AN AROUSED NATION--No one event in the recent history of the
United States has caused as much comment among the people on the
Main Streets of the little towns and big towns of the nation as
that of the dismissal of Gen. Douglas MacArthur from his commands
in the far east. It was a shocked and angry nation that gathered on Main
Street when the Japanese bombed Pearl Harbor. It was a happy nation
that demonstrated, at the end of World War II. Bt it was a divided
nation that questioned the removal of MacArthur!
The storm raged from grocery
ii
store to filling station, from hard-
New Commanders ware store to the courthouse. Indig-
nation, sorrow, righteousness, worry,
fear and hysteria found their way in-
to the controversy.
The issues of civil power vs mili-
tary, Europe vs Asia. the personality
of MacArthur vs Truman, politics vs
statecraft, all entered into the story.
For a week it was violent and then
the general came home for the first
time in 14 years to the acclaim of a
grateful and sentimental nation.
But by now the first shock and
anger of the President's action had
given way to considerable sober
thinking. For the first time the
people of Main Street got a look
Lt. Gen. Ridgway through the fog of personal grudges
and politics at some of the deeper
issues. Although it was a divided
nation still, hysteria was abating.
There was still confusion, but the
people along Main Street were calm-
er.
And many of them realized that
they had witnessed a turning point
in history. Whether it would be for
the best interests of the country and
the world they could not decide--
only time would tell.
THE WORLD-- Although at first
glance it seems a long way from
the Main Streets of the small towns
It. Gen. Van Fleet of the nation to Europe and Asia, the t
majority of the hometowners today
WBb the removal o/ Gee. realize we live in "one world," and
Dougl#s MdeArtbur fro bls for that reason they were listening
corvallis im the Pacific, Lt. to what others had to say about the
Gaw, Ridgway has t#k over MacArthur-Truman controversy.
MArtbur's posls i• Tokyo. Lt. This is some of the reaction
G. v Flees sumed €orn- abroad: London--" . . .His (Mac-
m•d el the 8lb army i• K@red. Arthur) removal was accepted as
succee•g Ridgway. an augury of peace"; Paris--"The
French feel that his dismissal
means less chance of total war..."; Bonn--"Most Germans believe that
at worst General MacArthur's impulsiveness would involve the United
States in a general war."
THE PRESS--Back of the national scene the home town press took
s more temperate view of the incident than expressed by the thousands
of telegrams that were received by senators and congressmen. The home
town editors were concerned about constitutional rights and which is more
important to world peace, Asia, as believed by MacArthur, or Europe, as
believed by Truman.
A survey of 78 leading newspapers in the daily field showed this
division of opinion: Truman right, 38; Truman wrong 26; neutral, 14. The
daily press, too, was deeply concerned over issues concealed in the first
blast of tempera.
THE CONGRESS--And while the Truman-MacArthur controversy
raged along the Main Streets of the nation, the debate reached the boil-
tug point In the house and senate. It can be said with all truthfulness that
the dispute reached the stage where those two bodies of men, representh
the people of the United States, stripped themselves of what little dignity
remained after three years of battling over domestic and foreign issuer.
The debate, for the most part, was along party lines with the Repub-
licans backing MacArthur and the Democrats plugging the President.
Both sides hurled the label of "war party" at the other. There were in.
dications, however, that the two parties might get together for a sweep-
investigation of the administration's far eastern policy.
ANOTHER LONG WAJTWhile the nation tailed of the Truman-
MacArthur controversy, the house passed its version of a draft bill. But
e mothers and fathers in the small towns of the nation appear in for an-
o?;,er long wait before they learn the fate of their sons.
The measure now goes to a house-senate conference committee that
has the senate version of a draft. The conferees face a long and hard
struggle to work out a compromise. Long.range training features of the
two measures pose the greatest obstacle to quick agreement. There
are, however, numerous other conflicts that will require time to adjust.
At the moment it appears Very likely that a compromise bill might
not become law much before July 9, the expiration date of the present
selective service act.
FARM MACHINERY OUTPUTThe long-awaited cutback in farm
equipment output is expected during the next three months, industry
spokesmen reported, with production of about 75 per cent of the indus-
try's capacity. Production of farm tractors for the first quarter of this
year was higher than in 1950, but material shortages are expected to re-
duce schedules.
From January through March, 152.260 farm tractors were produced.
In the corresponding months of 1950 the total was 147,973 units. The
increase was attributed to use of materials stockpiled during last fall's
¢,xkes. Accumulated materials have been used up, however, and manu-
facturers are l)avtug difficulty securing quantities to keep pace with pro-
duction sehedtflee.
DEFENSE JOBS GO BEGGING---TIe people of the home towns of the
aatlon are not rushing into defense jobs as fast as some government agen-
cies desire.
Robert C. Goodwln, director of the bureau of employment security,
reported that 50,000 tmfiiled Jobs clog the rolls of state employment of.
[ices as the nation's defense program shifts into second gear.
The unfilled jobs are for workers in professional, managerial, skilled.
service, clerical and sale@; semiskilled, and unskilled fields. Thirty-six
states reported openings.
DECISION SOON-- Since March 6, when deputies of Great Britain,
France, Russia, and the United States began meetings in Paris In hope of
agreeing on an agenda for another foreign ministers' conference, the
people in the home towns of America have waited-patiently for an an-
nouncement that perhaps the big four Could get together.
A decision should be reached any day now and the demoeretie nations
believe the Soviet Union will agree to the conference. U,S. diplomats
believe the Russians will agree for three reasons: (1) To staR, or at
least put a brake on the aceelera,ed defense programs of the free na-
tion• of the Atlantic alliance; (2) To exploit and widen whatever differ,
enee may still exist among the western powers and to divide them on
important policy issues, it possible; and (3) To use the proposed con.
terence, bound to be one of the most widely reported even in recent
history, as an organ of propaganda for Soviet "peace aims."
/
FARM SECL R1TY TAXES
First Farm Social Security Report Due
The fJrst soeml security ax and
imformation rettrns for farm and
househ):d ('mVl:,ees, to:ether with
paynlem ot In×ca. was cluc on or be-
fore A/ell 30
The :,z)-ial ;vcurity tax and infer-
matron re,rn covers the quarterly
period cff damtary, February. and
March, 1951. The farm and house-
hold employees involved those who
were brought into the federal old-
age and survivors insurance sys-
tem on January 1.
Whether or not a farm o: house-
hold employee's wages are subject
to the taxes depends on the number
of days worked for the employer
and the amount of cash earnings. If
n doubt cncerning taxes due,
TRUMAN AND MACARTHUR TALKED AT WAKE ISLAND
. . . but the result was only an uneasy truce . . .
'*'y 7,:::
,'::, ]: :s .... • • .:.,as ::?:
:": i.:::/: , :. . ;. +:';
REID ARMY SPEARHEADS THE MENACE OF COMMUNISM
•.. wouM MacArthur's pollces have brought total war?...
THE GREAT CONTROVERSY
History Shows That the Symptoms
Underlying MacArthur's Dismissal
Have Existed for Many Centuries
There is a kind of universality about Douglas MacArthur that
communicates itself to many men, something of the same stuff that I
leads nearly everyone to believe in his own heart that he can run a l
newspaper and play Hamlet with a deathless genius. I
Was MacArthur right or wrong in his belief in the strategic
priority of Asia, the bombing of I
Manchuria, the ultilization of Chi- was personifyin But he also made
nese Nationalist forces? ....... -" ._ I
............. zr plato maL sympamy or no sym-i
a ne, m ms pUOIlC ann private pathy, he could not overlook the
rejection of administration and
United Nations policies in the Far
East, express a subconscious de-
sire to achieve "martyrdom" for
his principles?
Did President Truman take the
right action but at the wrong time
in relieving MacArthur of his mul-
tiple command?
It doesn't make any difference
who you are -- you undoubtedly
have your own strong, definite and
perhaps impassioned answer to
each of those questions. And ac-
cording to your answers, you align
yourself on one side or the other
I Of the MacArthur controversy--the
great American schism of 1951.
It is a basic division, a schism
of the soul and spirit; and the rock
l upon which the split has occurred
its a military man. a soldier, yea,
even a 71.year-old general
Military Men's Drama
That in itself is not unusual. It
Is. in point of fact, a fairly sound
historical tradition that g z,e a t
epochs of man's development are
likely to turn upon the personality
of a military leader, probably be-
cause it is easy for the public to
focus its attention upon a man
who can be identified with the
drama of danger and physical ac-
Lion, and with the glamour of mili-
tary triumphs.
General MacArthur follows vig-
orously in that tradition. It has been
his peculiar destiny to help lead
this nation in smiting tyranny both
right and left within the past dec-
ade. striking to the right at Jap-
anese imperialism in World War II
and to the left at Communist efforts
at domination in Korea and the Far
East.
Thus he has become a political
symbol, having stood at the spear-
head of America's often inept and
fumbling but always intense de-
sire for peace that patently will
not be had for the asking but which
may come if we fight hard enough
for it.
Whether the principles he has
advocated are right or wrong, it
is MaeArtbur the symbol, not Mac-
Arthur the man. around which the
very real, very basic foreign pol.
icy quarrel has gathered.
From that point of view, the
MaeArthur controversy is an old
and elemental form of domestic
strife that has occurred and re-
curred within this or that national
eommtmity ever since man has
ben able to formulate and defend
an opinion.
Without attempting to make any
invidious comparisons, a number
of historic parallels to the Mac-
Arthur case become apparent from
a quick glance at the recmds.
There is a superficial resem-
blance, for instance, between the
firing of MacArthur by President
Truman and Calvin Coolidge's dis-
missal of the late General "Billy"
Mitchell for defying orders. Mr.
farmers are urged to see the near- , Coolidge made it clear, however.
eat internal revenue collector at
insubordination of which General
Mitchell was found guilty.
An Assist to Air Power
The violent closing of Billy
Mitchell's career, we know now.
marked the turning point of the
controversy over the future of mili-
tary aviation, and the pioneering
general did much to advance U.S.
air power to the mighty peak it
reached in time to help win World
War II.
Whether time and events will
vindicate G e n • r a 1 MacArthur's
ideas as fully as they have those
of General Mitchell is anybody's
guess.
One of the abiding characteristics
of many powerful and successful
military leaders in the past has
been their capacity to capture the
imagination and sympathy of the
people and carry them along a
chosen course--to a point, at least.
This makes for power and au-
thority. And the possession of broad
authority is like having a permit
to carry a pistol. Keep it in the
holster and depend upon its pres-
ence there to control circum-
stances, and chances are you won't
get into trouble. The danger Of
carrying a gun lies in the possibil-
ity that sooner or taler you might
start firing it indiscriminately and
a lot of people will get hurt, in-
cluding yourself.
Julius Caesar, an overwhelm.
ing military and political genius.
amassed for Rome and for himself
a great reservoir
of power which
he was able to
exercise p r e t t y
much at will. But
there were those
who felt he had
too much power:
t h e y mistrusted
It, feared that
Caesar might
rots-use it.
No single man Julius CaReer
or group of men were strong
enough to fire or depose the ruler
by legal means. So Brutus and Pas-
sius plotted, and on a dry in March.
Caesar, powerful and unsuspecting,
walked up the steps of the Capitol
to meet the knives of his assassins
Controversy, Then, Tee
That stirred up a great civil con-
troversy in Rome. too. Was Caesar
right in his principles and policies
concerning the Roman empire, or
were the men who deposed him by
liquidating him right? It might be
argued that Rome, under Caesar.
reached its peak of dynamic ex-
pansion and that its decline began
after Caesar's death in #,4 B.C. But
regardless of the truth of that po-
sition, the split over the aims and
policies of Julius Caesar marked
an epochal turning point in the his-
tory of the Roman empire.
Scotland's immortal R o b e r t
Bruce was the storm center of a
raging controversy much of his life,
that he was in sympathy with the
cause of aviation which Mitchell
faun. He settled that issue himself,
however, by decisively defeating
the English forces under Edward
I1 at the. battle of Bannockburn iv
June, 1314, and assuring the con-
tinuance of Scotland as an inde-
pendent kingdom.
Every student of American his-
tory knows of the quarrels and
differences of opinion that flared
after President Abraham Lincoln
put General Grant in charge of the
Union armies. Some members of
Lincoln's own cabinet not only re-
fused to support but actively op-
posed Grant's appointment.
It was. in a sense, a MacArthur
situation in reverse.
Grant's Problem
And when Grant took command
in March, 1864, he found he had to
fight not only the enemy but the
torpor and passivity of his own
generals in the
field. The mili-
tary issue at r -
stake that time i , :
was whether or [
not Meade, Hook- . /.'.
er, McClellanand .=_ .-:'')
others in the .df
string of Union [i\\;
generals w e r e 4J
right in fighting
a defensive war, General f'-rant
avoiding battles
wherever possible, and choosing
more often to retreat than to fight.
Grant favored action and offen-
sive contact with the Confederate
armies. Over the protestations of
his subordinates, he decided to
attack wherever possible and car-
ry the war to the enemy.
The ultimate surrender of Gen-
eral Lee and the Army of Northern
Virginia at Appomattox proved the
rightness of Gran't strategy. But
Grant, who went on to become
President of the United States.
albeit not
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GENERAL MACARTHUR I
+e ,.,. o...a, GOOD FOOD
• Here's the secret millions o@ foils haw
dination, or call them an honorable
defense of his own principles, they
have basic meaning for us as a
dramatic illustration of the grim
fact that the United States has to
choose between two basic and dif.
ferent courses in this battle against
the evils of communism.
One way is going to be right,
the other wrong. We say that the
nation, in its collective mind. has
PRESIDENT TRUMAN
he lowered the boom
split over the issue of which is the
best way to deal with Communist
aggression in the Far East.
But it is not, it cannot be. a fatal
split. The doubt that has been
larking behind our thinking and
our attitude on the question of bow
best to fight the monstrosity of
world communism has been
brought plainly into the open and
is clearly defined.
There is no longer ar reason
for anyone--be he statesman, mil-
itary man, farmer, storekeeper or
factory worker--to deny the exist-
ence of that doubt. Now it can be
talked about and it can be elim-
inated.
That is the great service that
President Truman and General
MacArthur have unwittingly per-
formed for the nation and the free
world. They have managed to get
all the cards on the table.
The answer, still to be found, is
there somewhere.
• • •
MocArthur's Father
Had Troubles, Too
Gen. Douglas MacArthur's father,
Gen. Arthur MaeArthur, embroiled
himself in a bitter dispute with
civilian authorities 50 years ago
when he was military governor of
the Philippine Islands, which the
U.S. had just acquired from Spain.
William Howard Taft arrived in
the islands as head of a presidential
commission charged with estab-
lishing a civilian government iv the
Philippines.
Although President William Mc-
Kinley was under heavy pressure m
Washington to establish a civilian
i government as soon as possible,
i Arthur MacArthur's command ook
the poinl of view that only the army
could do. a proper job Of restoring
order and control.
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