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i I I I Ill I I I Ill Ill I! ¸ I II I I I Ill I Illl IIIII I
Records Are Vital
For Farm Efficiency
Well Kept Records Show
Best Way to Cut Costs
Not long ago a farmer sent the
internal revenue collector in his
district a check for $200 with the
explanatl0n that he did not keep
accurate records of his farm in-
come and he hoped the check would
cover any tax deficiencies of the
past several years.
That farmer, of course, is an ex-
A good farm record is the
quickest way to discover which
projects are making money
and which are losing money,
ception to the general rule, but
there are some who still don't keep
records.
No farmer can tell much about
farm costs unless he keeps a record
of his income and expenses. Keep-
ing records isn't difficult; get an
inexpensive farm account book and
put down all income from sale of
farm products, as well as all money
spent for farm supplies and equip-
ment. Take inventory at beginning
and end of the year.
By close inspection of these rec-
ords from time to time the farmer
can tell exactly where he is losing
money and on what he is making
a profit. And there will be no doubt
that he had paid the correct amount
of income taxes.
University of Minnesota
Develops Two New Fruits
Two new fruits, a sour pie cher-
ry and an apple, have been de-
veloped by the University of Min-
nesota agricultural experiment sta-
tion and are being introduced to
home gardeners this year, W. H.
Alderman, chief of the division of
horticulture, reports.
Named the Northstar cherry
(Minn. No. 58) and the Lakeland
apple (Minn. No. 978) because of
their adaptability to conditions in
that state, both are winter hardy
enough to succeed in southern Min-
nesota and possibly farther south.
The Northstar cherry should be
a valuable addition to the home
garden for beauty as well as fruit,
according to Alderman. It is the
first pie cherry developed by the
university and probably will prove
to be the hardiest and best adapted
of any of the pie cherries grown in
Minnesota. The Lakeland apple has
promise of becoming an important
commercial variety.
Introduction of the two new fruits
brings to well over a hundred the
number of fruits, vegetables and
ornamental plants developed by the
University of Minnesota to meet the
climatic conditions of that and other
northern states.
Many gardeners never plan their
gardens. As a result, they some-
times find themselves space-short
aId loaded with an nnbalanced
variety of vegetables. The above
plan perhaps contains too many
varieties for the average home
gardener, but it gives a general idea
of what garden planning can do.
From it the average gardener can
draw his own plan and eliminate
those vegetables he does ndt wish
to bother with or which his family
does not particularly like. Every
gardener will find that planning
pays big dividends.
Vegetables Cued Method
To Increase Farm Income
Farm)'s l) N,.'th Carolina. South
Carolha a:d Ge)rgia who want to
ear. extra incom@ dttring 1951 might
do well t ry P)',)dr)Ig vegetables
,ib lc.e ,re t,×!,)eeted to create
a stronge demand for vegetables
dritg the ctmmg year The in
creased dema:,d is expected to con.
ttnue next year
Lee Frills, who runs the Fritts farm at Gret Meadows, N.J.,
with his father and brother, prepares to. give each cow her ration
of brewers wet grains which they have used so successfully for
the past 10 years.
DAIRY FEEDING
New Jersey Dairyman Confusing
Experts With Own Feeding Plan
A dairyman near Newark, N.J,, is confusing the experts and savin
money in the bargain by his own system of feeding which features brewers
grains.
This by-product of beer making has long been recognized by dairy
farmers as an excellent source of tats and especially protein. But prac-
tically all dairymen who include either wet or dry brewers grains in
their cows' diet, consider it as just a supplementary part of the feed,
forming not more than one-third of the total.
Not so Ernest Fritts of Great
Meadows. N.J., who for the past
10 years has been using wet brew-
ers grains as the major item of
feed.
Mr. Fritts and his two sns joint-
ly operate two farms of 300 acres,
of which 160 are tillable, in a small
town about two hours drive from
Newark. His commercial herd of
60 head is mixed Jerseys, Hol-
steins, Ayrshires and Guernseys.
Has his unorthodox feeding pro-
gram paid off?
Mr, Fritts and his sons are enthu-
siastic on the point.
"Any farmer will tell you that
when the butterfat in your milk
averages 4.1 per cent as ours does.
that you are giving your cows the
right feed," says Mr. Frttts. "Our
60 head average between 25 and 30
cans a day, depending on how many
dry cows are on hand, a good
figure for a mixed herd. In fact,
our red cows produce as much as
the Holsteins and we are certain
it is because of the brewers grains.
"This part of New Jersey is in
an area where milk prices fluc-
tuate badly. Our problem is to get
maximum production and we think
that brewers grains is the answer."
High in Protein
Brewers grains are recoverable
from the brewing process in a ratio
of about one pound for every three
originally used. Total production
last year. of which the greatest
part was used for teed. amounted
to nearly 9V million pounds, This
by-product' according to author-
lties, contains about twice as much
protein as the original barley and
Is also high in available nitrogen.
The usual procedure in dairy
feeding is to give cows plenty of
roughage. M!. Fritts and his sons
differ on this too. The brewers
grains on their farm constitute
maximum feed: hay is minimum.
For example, daily roughage allot-
ment for their 60 cows is four Holl-
and bales of alfalfa-brome, a good
legume which they grow them-
selves.
There are no set rules for feed-
lng the cows on the Fritts' farm.
Each cow is given a heaping bushel
of brewers grains at the 4 a.m. and
1 p.m. feeding. They are milked at
about 4:15 a.m. and at 3:45 p,m.
At the time of the afternoon feed-
lng they are given a hay ration.
"We sometimes hear that it
is not good policy to milk cows
while they are eating," says
Mr. Frills. "However there is
nothing in our experience to
Brewers wet grains keep well
in a tightly enclosed bin or
store room. Unique feare
the store room on the Frills
farm Is the pump (left hand
rner) which constantly draws
off execs water.
Mixing brewers grains with
molasses and water makes the
feed more palatable to dairy
cows. Above Lee Fries (front)
and his father sweep, the grain
into the feed trough.
show that it cuts milk produc-
tion. Also we hve been told
that milk from a cow which has
had a brewers grain ration, is
apt to "taste." That certainly
never happened to us.
"Another advantage of our brew.
cry grain diet," says Mr. Fritts.
"is its economy We find it much
cheaper than other grains. Right
now we have two silos, a 14 x 46
and a 16 x 40 full of corn silage,
We have another 25 tons of corn
ears on hand plus that much more
in the fields. We're going to cash
crop it rather than give t to the
COWS."
Adds Molasses to Grain
In order to make brewers grains
more palatable. Mr. Fritts adds
salt and molasses, Only last Oeto.
bera 600 lb. barrel of molasses
cost them seven dollars; now the
price has jumped to $23 a barrel.
So to save money they dihte the
molasses with water and can get
by with two barrels a week; last
fall they used a barrel a day, un-
diluted, But the cows' production
has remained high as ever,
Their cows are kept in stalls
all year around and are never
out of yoke, except for breeding
purposes. Mr. Fritts says that
most of his breeding cows have
given good milk production for
six to seven years. And his non-
breeding cows remain good
milkers for an average of two
years and better.
Mr. Fritts also feels tha another
advantage of brewers grains as a
feed is the excellent prices he gets
for his cows after they are through
as milkers The cows which are
ready for slaughter average 1300-
1500 lbs.
On the Fritts farm the orewers
grains used are the wet variety.
Twice a week the farm truck is
driven to Newark. 60 miles away,
to pick up a load of ten tons At the
farm the grams are stored in a bin
or "well." Although the load is
practically dry when it is dumped
at the farm, a drainage pump at
the bottom of the well draws off
excess water.
The Fritts have tried a number o1
other feeding experiments, among
them hormone feeding. The new
experiment, however, did not prove
satisfactory and it was dropped.
The Fritts found it too expensive
and felt that it overstimulated their
cows. Until some new dairy feed-
ing method is perfected ey will
continue to use th..ir old standby
brewers wet grains.
A heaping shovelfull of
brewers wet grains per cow,
twice a day, is the feeding
routine at the Fritts dairy
farm. Lee Fritts, who runs
the farm witk his father
and brother, dumps t h e
grain, valuable for its pro-
tein content, into the feed-
ing trauh.
...... _, ,,,,/_ : ., .. .....
SCANNING THE WEEK'S NEWS Odds and Ends Make
of Main Street and the World Hand:
Labor00ec00ev--00alled Open ,,o.,o_,,., o.,
Warfare on Truman Administration
LABOR IN REVOLT--The Truman administration has had many and
varied difficulties in its history, but few of them ever approached the
seriousness of labor's recent revolt against the government's mobilization
effort. The decision of labor to withdraw from the wage stabilization
board and other government agencies amounted to a declaration of war
m the Truman administration.
The united labor policy committee, composed of 14 top officials of
the C.I.O and A.F.L, ordered the withdrawal. As a result, labor men
resigned from 24 advisory posts and other positions in defense agencies,
including the military.
Labor made it clear that it felt
"big business" dominated the mobil.
ization effort and that the several
labor men in top federal jobs were
used merely as "window dressing."
The charge of "big business" was
directed at Charles E. Wilson, direc-
tor of the office of defense mobiliza-
tion, who ignored labor when he first
took office.
Labor was especially bitter about the 10 per cent wage formula as
recommended by economic stabilizer Eric Johnston. The union leaders
were not pacified when Johnston exernpted from the wage ceiling all
ost.of-living escalator clauses in union contracts written before
January 25.
These grievances were serious enough in themselves, but there
eemed to be other motivating facts behind labor's revolt. Hidden behind
he curtains of petty disagreements was the fear of a labor draft during
e present crisis, the same fear that labor struggled against during
World War II.
In the interest of mobilization and the well-being of the nation, peace
aetween the administration and labor has become a pressing, desperate
need
HOUSEWIVES' DISTASTEIt has been said by critics of this
:ountry that the United States is ruled by women, that our economy and
way of life centers around the wives, sweethearts, daughters, sisters
and mothers of the nation.
An example of the woman's influence on the nation's economy was
reflected in the meat markets of the nation when housewives' distaste
af costly cuts of beef caused some real price roll-backs.
A nation-wide canvas revealed that prices were cut from 10 to 25
per cent on the more expensive cuts of meat• And in every case, the
price-cutters declared housewives" lack of relish for high red meat prices
was the main reason for their action. There was evidence, too, that
this trend might continue since meat supplies are abundant and getting
more so, The agricultural department ]s on record as saying "prospects
are for a larger meat production in 1951 than in 1950."
Meanwhile. the agriculture department had other interesting statis-
tics for the general public, namely, farnLproduct prices climbed to a
record level in February. The figures revealed that prices paid farmers
for all their commodities was 2.25 per cent higher than the old record set
in January, t948. and about 26 per cent above the level prevailing before
the Korean war.
However. despite the high level of the farm commodity market.
ly nine major products were selling at or above parity--the price
stantlard declared by law to be equally fair to farmers and those who
buy their products. The products above parity were beef cattle, veal
calves, lambs, sheep, cotton, cotton seed, wool, rice and soybeans, Such
products as wheat, corn, peanuts, potatoes, butterfat, milk, oats, barley,
rye, flaxseed, grain sorghums, dry beans, citrus fruits, apples, sweet
potatoes, chickens, and eggs were bringing less than parity prices.
CASUALTIES TOTAL 50,675---The people of the cities, home towns
and crossroads of the nation were beginning to feel the full force of the
Korean conflict. Every day families ha communities across the nation
were being notified of casu-
alties of war. The latest
summary I i s t e d 50,675 llllB .
wounded, missing Or killed ': .........
in action. Of the total, 7,639
were reported killed, 33,041
::ii:" :, :::' ....
wotmded and 9,635 missing. i: i
And w h i 1 e American : .
troops had suffered the ,' .......... iii! ::
greatest number of casual-
ties, the 10 other nations r::. ?. .:::.
fighting beside U.S. and
South Korean troops re-
ported casualties totaling
2.813. The breakdown showed
Australia with 48 killed. 200
wounded. 6 missing, 2 prisoners; France with 44 killed, 201 wounded, -
missing; Greece. 20 killed. 45 wounded, 1 missing; Netherlands, 24
killed, 76 wounded, 2 missing; Philippines, 158 casualties (not broken
down Into categories); United Kingdom, 145 killed, 442 wounded, 244
missing, 61 prisoners.
WATCHFUL WORLD.--As deputy foreign ministers of France,
3rear Britain, the Soviet Union and the United States met in Paris in an
attempt to work out an agenda for a bigdour conlerence, a watchful, but
pessimistic world waited for announcement of first results.
Considerable doubt existed as to whether or not even an agreement
)t, an agenda could be reached among the four nations. The Soviet Union
ndicated it would stress the German problem and charge the western
powers with rearming western Germany. On the other hand, the United
tates announced it would direct the discussion to the vast build-up of
arms in the Soviet Union and its eastern European satellites, and argue
hat those arms are the basic cause of the world's ills.
It was believed doubtful, therefore, that the big four could even
agree on a list of subjects about which the big-four could talk with any
hope of success.
It was also reported the Unfed States would try to put the settlement
)f an Austrian peace treaty on the agenda, an achievement long sought
ay this government, but continually blocked by the Soviet Union.
Even if the deputy foreign mmisters could reach agreement on an
agenda, there exists little hope that the big-four can reach any settlement
3f the world's ills that will materially decrease the possibility of open
nfliet in the immediate future.
SPRING OH:ENSIVE The threat of a big spring counteroffensive by
the Chinese Communists still hung over the Korean front as United
Nations troops continued their push northward. Heavy movements
f troops were reported at several points behind the Red lines,
Increasing humbers of Communist trucks were reported mowng
south into Seoul and the Reds stepped up night mortar and artillery fire
from the old South Korean capital. here were also indications t/nat a
new Chinese division may have been moved into Korea in preparation
for the expected offensive.
Frontline observers pointed out that the Chinese have switched from
night to day operations, usually a sign of desperation. There was nc
indication, however, that either side could chop out a clear-cut victory
that might terminate hostilities. It remains a hattie of Chinese manpower
vs American firepower. I
]
REDS DECLINE IN EUROPE-- An indication that the ComnunisL,
are losing the battle" to take over western Europe by boring from within
was revealed in a state department report that said the party had lost
a thirdl,295,000--of its melnbers in the west since World War It.
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The report said there were 1,673,000 Communist party members tn
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