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A State of National Emergency Is
Proc!aimed by President Truman;
Rusua Threatens Western Europe
(EDITOR'S NOTE: When opinions are expressed In these aolumns, the7 are those of
Western NewspaPer llnion'e news analysts and not neoeasarJJy of this newspaper.)
IONG;ANG
Chinese Communists in the mountains of central North Korea
prepared for another big sweep down the middle of Korea (broken
arrow). Meanwhile, 60,000 United Nations troops were evacuated
from the Hamhung-Hungnam beachhead after withdrawing from
the Yalu river.
EMERGENCY:
Near-War Footing
With a series of proclamations
and executive orders, President
Pruman put the nation on a near-
war footing. In a world-wide radio
address the President proclaimed
s national emergency and told the
erican people they must pay
higher taxes, work longer hours,
sad give up manycivillan goods
to speed up the defense program.
"Our home, our nation, all the
things we believe in, are in great
danger," the President said in his
address.
'ne future of civilization de-
pends on what we do--on what we
do now and in the months ahead."
He announced the administration
would impose some wage-price
controls and bring 3,500,000 men
trader arms "as soon as possible."
Then he outlined the buckling-
down program:
1. Compulsory price celilngs "at
pnce" on some items essential to
defense production and the cost of
living.
2. Voluntary ceilings over rest of
the economy of publishing "fair
itandards of prices and wages,"
3. To provide the necessary ma-
terials for defense production, a
"cut back on many lines of civilian
production" and expanded output
of steel, copper, aluminum, elec-
tric power, and agricultural com-
modities.
4. Workers to labor more hours.
5. Still further taxes.
6. Federal spending for non-
defense purposes slashed "to the
mh,num" in tIe fiscal 1952
budget.
.Within hours after the declar-
ation of a national emergency, the
President created the Office of
Defense Mobilization by executive
order. The new offÉce was given
mlprecedcnted power with full
authority over civilian agencies
already at work building United
States war strength. Truman
named Charles E. Wilson to bend
the agency. Wilson was president
of General Electric.
Also within hours after the Presi-
dent's proclamation, the Economic
Stabilization Agency rose the
price of new automobiles at the
lsvel of December 1, 1950. The
action rolled back price increases
averaging five per cent annotmced
by Ford, Chrysler, General Motors,
and Nash, on the 1951 models.
The automobile industry protested
the price roll-back and stopped the
sale of some makes. Observers did
not believe the protest would carry
much weight in Washington.
Most observers believed the
President had set the stage for
further drastic curbs. There is no
oubt but that a speed-up in re-
armament--to suit the quickening
tempo of the Kremlin time.table--
will cause economic injuries. Some
people are going to lose jobs. Some
usitwss men are going to lose
ney. all Americans are go-
g to find life a lot tougher.
Some observers believed it may
be necessary to cut back civilian
prodtion as much as 30 to 50
per cent before war production
dan go into high gear,
W'AR FUNDS
Marines
The first truckloads of U. S.
Ist marine division are shown
above as they rolled into the
area near Hamhung after their
1Z-day battle to free themselves
from the death trap set by
Chinese and North Korean
Communists near the ClmngJin
reservoir.
EUROPE:
Reds Threaten
The Soviet Union did not say ex-
actly what it would do, but in
notes to Great Britain and France
warned that the rearmament ol
Germany would not be tolerated.
The threat brought a new feeling
of crisis to western Europe.
The Kremlin sent notes to Britain
and France which asserted:
I. Arming of Germans by At-
lantic allies would violate the Pots-
dam pact of 1945.
2. Western Germany's inclusion
in the Atlantic pact setup would
invalidate Russia's alliance trea-
ties with Britain and France.
A number of observers were ask-
ing If the Soviet warning wasn't
the kind Red China made--and
later fulfilled--as United Nations
forces crossed the 38th parallel in
Korea. Others. however, do not
think the Communists are ready
for all-out war.
The note is having its effect on
western Europe and may slow
down the execution of defense
plans.
London described the Soviet note
as a "patently tactical device"
timed to coincide with the Brussels
meeting.
MARSHALL:
Opposes Full Mobilization
Defense Secretary Marshall is
reported opposed to full mobiliza-
tion now because there is still "a
hope" that World War Ill may be
averted.
Marshall's careful appraisal of
the powder-keg world situation was
given to a house appropriations
subcommittee at s secret hearing.
However, Marshall said he also
believes that the United States
must build up its armed forces to
just-short-of-war footing as swiftly
as possible because "a single word"
from the Kremlin could start the
holocaust at any time.
The defense secretary did not
say exactly how far he believed
U. S. mobilization should go, But
he said the present goal of 2.771,000
men under arms by next July 1
must be increased substantially.
House Approves Huge Defense Measure
The house approved and sent to
• e senate a "first installment" de-
fense appropriation amounting to
17.839.304,424. "]'he Senate was ex-
pected to act on the bill within a
atter of days,
The huge appropriation included
16,84.18i,000 for the army, navy
and air forceexactly what PresS-
fient Truman asked. The atomic
to augment its fast expanding A-
bomb and H.bomb program.
Meanwhile, the "second install-
ment" on the gigantic prepared-
ness program was rapidly taking
shape. President Truman sent to
congress a new request for $1,834,-
911,000 to add war-needed mater-
to the nation's stockpile. The
began study of the bill imme-
DEJECTION . . . With his wounded right hand cradled in his lap, a
United States marine falls asleep by the side of the road, relief at
coming through the gruelling march from Changjin reservoir area
allowing him finally to gain a few minutes of peaeefni rest. He waited
in Hamhung, Nor[h Korea, for eventual evacuation from the threatened
northeast front and possible landing upon some other spot along
Korea's coastline to re-enter the battle against the Chinese.
NEW ENEMY . . . An official communique has disclosed the arrival
of Mongolian troops to augment the Chinese Communists fn Korea.
There are two divisions of Mongols, equipped with hardy ponies and
camels. The group is typical of those fighting men that overwhelmed
Asia and Europe in the 13th century from the Yellow Sea to the Adri-
atic and is said to have descended from Genghis Khan's hordes. They
can move swiftly over the most rugged terrain.
HERO DONATF BLOOD . . . Former Sergeant Charles MacGilli-
vary, 33, who won the Congressional Medal of Honor while losing an
arm in the tfle of the Bulge in World War Iv, donates a pint of blood
for Korean use at the Walter Reed hospital in Washington, D.C. He
read a story that the boys in Korea need blood and knows from his
own war experience what the Soldiers are up against. Capt. Robert
RegJm (right) bs areal•ted by Technician Sldrley Dram.
TWO KILLED IN B-26 CRASH ... Two men were killed when their B-26
"Invader" light bomber crashed while attempting to land at the air
force's Boiling Field air base at Washington, D.C. The plane was re-
turning from a cross-country flight to Portland, Ore. The wreckage of
the bomber is shown en the grounds of the naval research laboratory,
the the air force base. names
notified.
Truman's Temper
LL presidents, being human,
sometimes lose their temper.
And Harry Truman, being intensely
devoted to his family, has an un-
derstandable tendency to shoot
from the hip when it comes to bis
wife and daughter.
However, those on the inside of
the White House know that presi-
dential fuse-blowing isnot confined
to protecting his family. More and
more the President's temper has
influenced public policy. Quick de-
cisions, swayed by personal peeve,
can affect the lives of millions,
and the public has a right to know
about them.
Take, for instance, price controls.
Failure to impose price controls
has shot up the cost of living by bil-
lions of dollars, has increased the
cost of rearmament to Uncle Sam,
and started an inflation spiral which
may do inestimable damage.
Yet congress long ago voted presi-
dential power to impose price con-
trols. In fact. Republicans led in
giving the President more power Interesting Treatment
than he requested. However, this jN INTERESTING shouldez
power has not been used. "" treatment tighlights a softl$
Anti.Baruch
One reason is that Bernard Bar-
uch came down to Washington and
helped persuade the Republicans
to vote these powers; and the Presi-
dent hates Bernard Baruch. He
hates him with a passion tha dis-
torts and discolors his Judgment.
When Baruch's name comes up in
conversations, dispassion and rea-
son leave the President.
The hatred began when Baruch
declined an invitation to serve on a
committee of Democrats to raise
money during the 1948 campaign.
The President then wrote him a let-
ter not unlike the one sent to music
critic Paul Hume; later, he fired
Baruch's brother as ambassador to
Holland and timed it to occur on
Baruch's birthday. Bernie, 6nce a
frequent caller at the White House,
has never been near there since.
Later, the President blamed Bar-
uch for getting revenge on him by
blocking confirmation of Truman's
close friend, Man WaIIgren, as
chairman of the national security
resources board. Baruch denies
this. But his influence with south-
ern senators is considerable, and
White House advisers gave him
credit for the fact that Wallgren
was never confirmed.
Anti-Taft
Another illustration of what presi-
dential peeve can do to national
policy is Sen. Bob Taft.
For a long time the President has
been wanting to get the bipartisan
foreign policy back on an even keel.
But the cornerstone of such a policy
is Senator Taft--most influential
Republican on capitol hilL
For his part, Taft bas made no
secret of the fact that he would
like to be summoned to the White
House. When other Republicans,
Senators Wherry and Wiley, return
from presidential conferences, Taft
has queried them like a cub report-
er afraid of getting scooped. And
when be heard that the White House
might call him in last week, Taft
was like a schoolgirl about to go to
her first prom. He even offered to
cancel a trip to Yale, where he is
a member of the board of trustees.
! But the President who has a per-
sonal prejudice against Taft, would
not invite him.
Pearson Prediction
Another illustration of presiden-
tial peeve which upset his own ap-
plecart was the proposed loyalty re-
view board, composed of Judge
John Parker of North Carolina,
Judge John Patrick Higgins of
Massachusetts, and Ads. Chester
Nimitz. White House advisers had
sold the President on appointing
this board to supersede the Tydings
committee for the purpose of thor-
oughly examining the question of
communism in the state depart-
i meat.
A nonpartisan board of Judges,
fl was argued, would lift the
question of state department
loyalty out of partisan politics
and give a categoric answer to
Senator McCarthy. The Pro•l-
dent, at first, was all for it.
Then this commentator pred/cted
that the board vould beOppointed.
Immediately the President got
peeved. He was not, he made it
clear to advisers, going to help to
make a "Pearson prediction come
true."
' The bipartisan loyalty board was
scrapped, McCarthy's charges be-
came the chief issue of the cam-
paisa, and some of the President's
stanchest supporters were defeated.
Palace Guard
Every member of the White House
secretariat knows what the Presl.
dent's peeves and pet aversions
are. But up until recently they did
little to put a quietus on them. In
fact, the man who tried hardest to
buck the President on certain idio-
syncrasies, Clark Clifford, wasthe
abject of an intense and jealous
campaign by Jol-m Steelman.
The White House staff know. of
course, that anything even remote-
ly critical of his wife or daughter
makes the President blazing mad.
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